How does family history relate to cardiovascular disease?
Your family history of cardiovascular disease is a strong indicator of your personal risk. A positive family history involving first-degree relatives is generally associated with a two-fold increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Family history of cardiovascular disease is the result of both genetic and behavioural factors. Adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours early on is key to reducing your overall cardiovascular risk.
The influence of your genes
Often referred to as your “genetics,” family history is the health information about you and your blood relatives. Family history is important in determining your risk for CVD because you and your blood relatives share the same genes. If a close family member — a parent, brother, or sister — developed heart disease before age 55 or, in the case of female relatives, before menopause, this indicates you may be at greater risk of developing CVD.
Your family history can influence your risk for heart disease in many ways. Genes control every aspect of the cardiovascular system, from the strength of the blood vessels to the way cells in the heart communicate. For many common conditions, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, there are many risk factors — genetic, lifestyle, and environmental — that increase a person’s risk of developing the disease.
Genetic tests do not currently exist to measure individual risk for most cardiovascular diseases because the specific genetic factors are not yet fully understood. This makes family history, along with information about lifestyle choices and environment, one of the most important tools doctors have for assessing individual risk.
- Learn more about cardiac conditions with a strong genetic component.
The Value of Family Screening
When a family member is diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, other family members may be encouraged to undergo screening to detect early stages of disease. Aspects of family history that indicate a higher risk for heart disease include:
- Early onset of cardiovascular disease — for instance, coronary artery disease women younger than 65
- Cardiovascular disease in two or three relatives on the same side of the family
- Late onset of cardiovascular disease on both sides of the family
- The loss of a family member to sudden cardiac death
To help lower your risk:
- If you experience symptoms, visit a doctor. When in doubt...check it out!
- Make sure your family doctor knows your family history. Getting ready for an upcoming appointment? Click here for tips on talking with your health care provider. Click here for questions to ask your health care provider about cardiovascular disease.
- Discuss risk and lifestyle with your children and siblings.
Certain diseases are more common in some families than in others. Your own risk may be higher than average because of the genes you inherited. Or it may be high because the members of your family all tend to make similar lifestyle choices and hold similar beliefs about diet and exercise, as families will do. If you have a family history of CVD, you should try to make lifestyle changes to reduce your risk.
If you have a family history of CVD, you can’t change your genetics, but there’s plenty you can do to prevent or avoid the disease. Knowing you’re at increased risk can motivate you to take precautions to control other risk factors.